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Karenia selliformis
''Karenia selliformis'' is a microbial species from the genus ''Karenia'', which are dinoflagellates. It was first discovered in New Zealand. ''Karenia selliformis'' produces the highly toxic gymnodimine, and as such is a potentially harmful ocean dweller.〔McKenzie, L., Veronica Beuzenberg, and Paul McNabb. "Production of gymnodimine by Karenia selliformis.(Haywood et al)." Harmful Algae (2002): 160-162.〕 Gymnodimine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-blocking phycotoxin, a source of shellfish poisoning.
==Description==
Common to the ''Karenia'' genus, this species shares morphological characters such as a smooth theca and a linear apical groove on its apex. At the same time, this species can be distinguished from its cogenerates on the basis of morphological characteristics within its vegetative cells, including the location and shape of its nucleus; the excavation of its hypotheca; the characteristics of its apical and sulcal groove extensions on the epitheca; the shape of its cells, as well as their size and symmetry; the degree of dorsoventral compression; and the presence of an apical carina.
Species that present said dorsoventral compression are shown to swim in a distinctive fluttering motion.〔Rhodes, Lesley, and Susie Wood. "Micro-algal and Cyanobacterial Producers of Biotoxins." Toxins and Biologically Active Compounds from Microalgae 1 (2014): 21.〕〔Kamykowski, D., E. J. Milligan, and R. E. Reed. "Relationships between geotaxis/phototaxis and diel vertical migration in autotrophic dinoflagellates."Journal of Plankton Research 20.9 (1998): 1781-1796.〕
Molecular phylogenetic analyses of rDNA indicates ''Karenia selliformis'', together with ''K. papilionacea'' and ''K. bicuneiformis'', is closely related to ''K. mikimotoi'' and ''K. brevis''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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